Unix as a Second Language
by Sandra Henry-Stocker

Sandra Henry-Stocker has been administering Unix systems for more than 18 years. She describes herself as "USL" (Unix as a second language) but remembers enough English to write books and buy groceries. She currently works for TeleCommunication Systems, a wireless communications company, in Annapolis, Maryland, where no one else necessarily shares any of her opinions. She lives on a small farm on Maryland's Eastern Shore.

This blog offers advice for every-day Unix systems administration and some clever ways to approach more challenging problems.

Send comments and suggestions to mailto:bugfarm@gmail.com.

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Book Review: The Book of Inkscape

Years ago, I discovered Gimp, the free tool that provides Photoshop-like processing of images. Only recently have I come across Inkscape -- the free graphics editor that competes with the likes of Adobe Illustrator. Even you can prepare professional quality graphics if you take the time to learn this fabulous tool. And now here's a book to teach you everything you need to know.
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Solaris Tip: Have Your Files Changed Since Installation?

One way to check the integrity of files on your Solaris systems is by comparing their ownership, sizes and checksums against their original values. You don't need expensive application software to do basic integrity checking. One easy and free way to do this is to take advantage of a file that your system maintains on your behalf and a command called pkgchk.
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Looping the Easy Way

One of the nice things about writing a column every week is that I don't often have to tackle the really big issues -- such as why Unix is still the best OS or which big company is buying which other big company and how this is going to affect all of us. Instead, I can hone in on an issue as small and personal as how you loop through a sequence of values in a script. Speaking of looping, I've just learned (and then implemented) a new trick.
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Unix Tip: Grepping on Whole Words

If every time you grep for a specific word or string, you get a pile of lines that don't match what you were looking for, maybe it's time to learn about whole word searching. In today's column, we examine two ways to get what you want, the whole of what you want and nothing but what you want.
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Is Your Web Site Under Attack?

If you have a web site, the answer is undoubtedly "yes". Someone somewhere or, more likely, quite a few someones are attempting to attack your site or the system on which it is running. Assuming hackers have found your site and are testing it for holes that they might crawl through, let's take a look at how you can uncover evidence of their exploits with a quick examination of your web logs.
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Easy Email Filtering with Procmail

Tossing email into the /dev/null bit bucket is fine when you know the account in question will never receive any valid form of email. You can, however, get a much finer degree of control over email and still automate the cleanup of spam by using a tool such as procmail. Procmail is a basic email filter and not nearly as difficult to set up as people imagine. Let's run through the setup and focus on a couple potential stumbling blocks.
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Eradicate Spam from Unix Service Accounts!

There are numerous ways to reduce the amount of spam that you receive. Good email filters can keep you from ever having to deal with the onslaught of stupid offers you never wanted to see, never mind the outright attempts to steal personal information or rope you into some type of scam. I've found that the spammers have become so desperate to increase their spam traffic deliveries that they are sending spam to system accounts such as bin and listen. Instead of trying to bounce this mail back to the senders -- which in less perverted times might have actually worked, I find it's speedier and less consuming of system resources to just pitch the mail into the bit bucket. Here's how this works.
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Putting Text in Window Title Bars

In last week's post, I talked about customizing prompts to help remind your users what system they're logged into and where they are in the file system. Another useful way to help your users keep which window is which straight in their minds is to label the windows themselves. With the system name or project identifier displayed on the title bars of their windows, your users are less likely to type a command meant for system A on the command line for system B.
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Unix Prompts for the Masses

New Unix users can quickly reach the (wrong) conclusion that Unix is not a very friendly operating system. After all, the commands will at first seem very cryptic, their prompts might reach halfway across their screens and some of the options preset into their accounts might turn out to be very annoying. In today's column, I suggest some options for changing your users' commands prompts to suit their fancy.
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Unix Holidays

In honor of Eid al-Fitr -- three days that mark the end of Ramadan (a month of fasting and reflection) and my daughter's birthday, I thought I'd take a look at how Unix handles holidays. Think it doesn't? If you're using Solaris, take a look in /etc/acct for a file named "holidays".
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Where Google Chrome security fails: the password
I heard mention that the Chrome OS will have some sort of encryption available a la bitlocker. If it's possible to encrypt personal data using another password or key, then it may have potential for very secure data.... And Ubuntu has an 'encrypt home directory' option, perhaps google should follow suit.
- Dann

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