The money pit
THE STORY BROKE ON FEB. 1, 2000: the Big Dig was not just over budget, it was wildly, insanely, frighteningly and perhaps feloniously over budget. The front-page headline in the Boston Herald read: "Big Cost of Big Dig Could Grow by $1.4B."
The "B" was for billion.
People were outraged; no one was surprised.
The Big Dig has been a fact of Boston life for almost a decade. Since ground was first broken in 1991, the city has been torn up, dug up and burrowed under. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project (the Big Dig's official name) was designed to replace the old six-lane, 1.5-mile elevated Central Artery. When it opened in 1959, the Artery was supposed to accommodate 75,000 vehicles a day. Today, more than 190,000 motorists from Boston's northern and southern suburbs sit in hellish traffic for up to 10 hours, Monday through Friday.
When the Big Dig is completed (target date: 2004), the elevated highway that has divided neighborhoods, scarred the city and hidden the waterfront for over 40 years will be gone, replaced by an eight-to-10-lane expressway running beneath the streets of Boston. There will also be a tunnel underneath the Fort Point Channel, another beneath Boston Harbor, two bridges over the Charles River, and 27 acres of public and commercial space where the Artery once stood. (For details on what's being constructed, see "Angioplasty on the Artery," left.)
Throughout the '90s, as Boston watched the tall cranes gather and the deep holes grow, it was obvious that an enormous amount of money was being spent. Back in 1982, Massachusetts politicians (most famously House Speaker Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neil) lowballed the estimated cost of the project to secure funding through the federal Surface Transportation and Technical Corrections Act. The politicians said it would cost $2.2 billion. Today, the price tag is $14.1 billion -- most of it coming out of taxpayers' wallets -- and climbing.
Of course, that $14 billion pays for a lot. The Dig is the largest and most technologically complex public works project in U.S. history -- bigger than the Panama Canal or the Hoover Dam. In the course of the Big Dig:
* 200 separate construction and design contracts will be awarded.
* 161 lane miles of highway are being laid in a 7.5-mile corridor.
* 15 million cubic yards of dirt and 2.5 million cubic yards of clay are being dug up and replaced with enough concrete (3.8 million cubic yards) to build a sidewalk 3 feet wide and 4 inches thick from Boston to San Francisco and back three times.
* 29 miles of gas, electric, telephone, sewer, water lines and other utility lines (maintained by 31 different companies) are being rerouted.
* 4,800 trees and 33,000 shrubs will be planted.
* A tunnel is being constructed 120 feet below street level; in some areas it is just 3 feet below an existing subway tube.
* A casting basin big enough to hold three Titanics was built by draining
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