Unix as a Second Language
by Sandra Henry-Stocker

Sandra Henry-Stocker has been administering Unix systems for more than 18 years. She describes herself as "USL" (Unix as a second language) but remembers enough English to write books and buy groceries. She currently works for TeleCommunication Systems, a wireless communications company, in Annapolis, Maryland, where no one else necessarily shares any of her opinions. She lives on a small farm on Maryland's Eastern Shore.

This blog offers advice for every-day Unix systems administration and some clever ways to approach more challenging problems.

Send comments and suggestions to mailto:bugfarm@gmail.com.

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The Day that Cron Stood Still

I was surprised a couple days ago to notice that a cron job that was set up to move files from one system to another suddenly stopped working. Squeezing a little timefrom my other tasks to keep the files flowing to the application that needed them, I noted that I could run the script and move the files by hand. In fact, everything ran normally when I did and the files arrived at their proper destination in time to be processed and turned into useful graphs. Even so, the next day, the same thing happened again.
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Relaying Mail from Subdomains

Relaying mail doesn't only come into play when someone is trying to use your mail server to deliver mail to a third domain. It can also affect your own subdomains.
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Book Review: The Art of Deception: Controlling the Human Element of Security

If I had only one thing to say about The Art of Deception, it would be that it convinced me that even technologically savvy people fall prey to the guile of practiced social engineers (formerly known as a "con artists" to most of us).

You're nobody until ...

The old song continues "somebody loves you", the geekier version changes this to "somebody quotes you" and the NFS version claims "somebody trusts you". Whether files in your NFS mounts list "nobody" as the owner and "nobody" as the group or show root and real usernames depends on your NFS settings.

Getting help with scat

Since we looked at mdb last week and probed into a core dump, we should take a quick look at another tool for analyzing core dumps. The "scat" tool provides an easy way to extract an extensive amount of information from a core dump and provide it to you in a relatively readable fashion (as readable as data from a core dump is ever likely to be). Once you start the tool, you can get some help figuring out what commands to use.
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Probing into Core Dumps with mdb

The Solaris Modular Debugger (mdb) is a debugger that was designed for low-level debugging -- examining the running kernel or looking into core files and using assembly language know how to figure out what was happening at the time of a system crash. Core dumps are similar in concept to the flight recorders on commercial airplanes. Because they contain the contents of memory at the time of the crash, you can ask just about question you might want to ask about that fatal system moment, but you have to be a very savvy systems geek to know what questions to ask and to understand the answers.
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1 comment
3I like it!

Setting up sudo, part 2

In my July 22nd posting, I promised to provide some more examples of sudoer file entries. Some of these files contain only a few settings -- maybe allowing one or two people to run only a single command or any command with the authority of root -- or they may define groups of users, groups of systems and groups of commands and use these groupings to define how blocks of privileges are assigned.
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Serial numbers in zone files: Yours and named's

Serial numbers in zone files help your DNS service determine when it should re-ingest your zone files or ignore them. But there's more to these pseudo timestamps than meets the eye. In fact, the number that you put in your file and the one that DNS extracts from it might be as different as 200907270001 and 3338774385.
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Setting up sudo

System administrators are generally very protective of superuser access, as they should be. Root access in the hands of anyone who doesn't fully understand what they're doing is a dangerous thing. Root access in the hands of someone well versed with Unix is bad enough -- we all make mistakes. At the same time, your users can become overly dependent on you if they can't issue any commands as root. Some developers, for example, really need to be able to reboot the systems on which they do development and it isn't necessarily a good thing if they have to wait for you to come back from lunch.

Unix Wizdumb: Document It!

One of the failures that many (if not most) sysadmins exhibit is a failure to document the changes they make or the reasons for particular configuration settings. Many of us have the mistaken belief that, 1) a few years from today, we will still remember what we did today and why and that 2) no one else will ever need to figure out what we did.
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Sidekick: The Good News & the Bad News
Either way you look at it Microsoft Data Center management did not follow standards or best practices in this failure. In which case it makes me wonder more about the outsourcing of corporate data much less personal data.
- mburton325

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