The late sci-fi author Arthur
C. Clarke famously said that any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable
from magic.

We certainly live in a magical world. We're surrounded by technology, yet we
seldom stop to consider the amazing advances that we've come to rely on every
day. Whether we're surfing the Web, making a call on our mobile phones, or watching
a DVD movie on our big-screen TV, we take our modern conveniences for granted.

Here, then, is a peek inside the magician's hat at ten technologies that are
keys to our digital age. Without realizing it, you've probably used at least
one of them already today--if not all. But whether you're aware of them or not,
without these technologies our world would be a very different place.

Unicode

We use computers for every kind of communication, from IM to e-mail to writing
the Great American Novel. The trouble is, computers don't speak our language.
They're all digital; before they can store or process text, every letter, symbol,
and punctuation mark must first be translated into numbers.

So which numbers do we use? Early PCs relied on a code called ASCII,
which took care of most of the characters used in Western European languages.
But that's not enough in the age of the World Wide Web. What about Cyrillic,
Hindi, or Thai?

Enter Unicode, the Rosetta
Stone of computing. The Unicode
standard defines a unique number for every letter, symbol, or glyph in more
than 30 written languages, and it's still growing. At nearly 1500 pages and
counting, it's incredibly complex, but it's been gaining traction ever since
Microsoft adopted it as the internal encoding for the Windows
NT family of operating systems.

Most of us will never need to know which characters map to which Unicode numbers,
but modern computing could scarcely do without Unicode. In fact, it's what's
letting you read this article in your Web browser, right now.

Digital Signal Processing

Digital music, digital photos, digital videos: It's easy to forget that we
live in a fundamentally analog world. Computers can cope with all that we see
and hear only through the application of highly
complex mathematics, a field known as digital signal processing (DSP).

Wherever you find digital media, DSP is at work, facilitated by a whole subcategory
of specialized chips and circuits. DSP algorithms correct for errors while your
optical drive reads the music off a CD. They're at work again as you compress
the audio into an MP3 file, and again when you play it back through your surround-sound
speakers.

DSP is to digital media as

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